Tuesday, September 25, 2012

Stop Stopping Prophets


Bp. Thomas Gumbleton
 
Stop Stopping Prophets
September 30, 2012, 26th Sunday in Ordinary Time
Numbers 11:25-29   James 5:1-6   Mark 9:38-40
 “My Lord, stop them!”
The LORD came down in the Cloud and spoke to Moses. Taking some of the spirit that was on Moses, the LORD bestowed it on the seventy elders. And as the spirit came to rest on them, they began to prophesy. Now two of the seventy elders, Eldad and Medad, stayed back in the camp and had not gone out to the Tent. But there in the camp the spirit came upon them as well, though they had not gone out to the Tent. So their names were enrolled along with the seventy elders, and they began to prophesy in the camp. But Joshua, son of Nun who from his youth had been Moses’ aide, ran out to report to Moses that Eldad and Medad were unofficially prophesying. Then he said to Moses, “My Lord, stop them!” Moses responded, "No I won’t stop them! In fact I wish that the Lord would give his spirit to all his people and make them all prophets.”
The word of the Lord
Thanks be to God
Alleluia, alleluia.
A reading from the holy Gospel according to Mark  
Glory to you, Lord.
 
“Stop stopping the man!”
At that time, John said to Jesus, "Teacher, we saw a man who was driving out demons in your name, and we tried to stop him, for he doesn’t belong to our group." Jesus replied, "Stop stopping the man, for no one who works a miracle in my name is likely to speak evil of me. Anyone who is not against us is for us.”
The Gospel of the Lord.
Praise to you, Lord Jesus Christ.
----------------
Introduction
The last day of September
Here it is the last day and last Sunday of September. A few leaves are  still stubbornly hanging on to the trees, until one cold blast from the north blows them away. Now there’s frost on the pumpkins which are waiting to be baked into pies. And there’s fodder in the barns to feed the hungry livestock through the scarcity of winter. At this time of the year we’re put in mind of James Whitcomb Riley’s poem “When the frost is on the punkin and the fodder's in the shock.”
Stop stopping Eldad and Medad.
The writers of Scripture are usually addressing problems in their communities. Rarely do they sit down without any problem running through their heads and write Scripture. There is a problem reflected in the first and third reading today: a religious institution is restricting God's action to the institution's action. A religious institution is making a distinction between what is `official’ and what is `not official,’ and it is dismissing out of hand what is `not official.’
That’s what’s going on in the first reading today. Joshua tells Moses to stop Eldad and Medad from speaking out like prophets. The two had not gone out to the Tent, so their names weren’t officially enrolled with the seventy elders; they weren’t `official’ prophets. But Moses (not hung up on the `official’ and the `not official’) orders Joshua to stop stopping Eldad and Medad from speaking out like prophets.
 
Stopping the man casting out demon.
Today’s gospel is also about the `official’ and the `not official.’ The disciples see a man casting out demons in Jesus’ name. He doesn’t belong to their group; in other words, he’s `not official.’ So they tried to stop him. But Jesus (who like Moses is not hung up on the `official’ and the `not official’) tells the disciples to stop stopping the man casting out demons in his name, for whoever is not against them is for them. (Mk. 9:38, 40)
 
In the very next chapter of Mark the disciples are again at their favorite pastime of `stopping people.’ When some parents bring their little children to Jesus for Him to touch, the disciples scold them. When Jesus notices it, He’s angry and tells the disciples to stop stopping the little children from coming to Him, because the Kingdom of God belongs to people like them.(Mk. 10:13-19)
 
Stopping Bishop Gumbleton
We humans stop not only little children but also big bishops like Thomas J. Gumbleton. Born in Detroit 1930 he became the Auxiliary Bishop of Detroit, the founding president of Pax Christi USA and president of Bread for the World. At the end of the day, however, Bishop Gumbleton is best known for the courageous prophet that he is. In Scripture a prophet is one who “lifts up his voice like a trumpet blast” and tells people something they don’t want to hear but need to hear. (Is. 58:1)
 
Prophet Gumbleton lifted up his voice like a trumpet blast when he wrote in a letter to America magazine for Nov. 20, 1963: "I can vouch for the fact that very many bishops share the same conviction (that not every contraceptive act is intrinsically evil). However, sadly enough, fewer and fewer are willing to say this publicly.” Those words were not appreciated by some of Gumbleton’s brother bishops.
 
Prophet Gumbleton lifted up his voice like a trumpet blast when he also courageously predicted that, “Priestesses will inevitably come. Already female parochial administrators are proving their competency and laying the groundwork for the ordination of women.” Those words were not appreciated by many of Gumbleton’s brother bishops who feel that they belonged to an exclusively male club.
 
Prophet Gumbleton also courageously lifted up his voice like a trumpet blast when he courageously initiated and co-authored a pastoral letter of the US Catholic Bishops in 1997, entitled Always Our Children. That pastoral addresses the subject of homosexuality and offers help to the parents of gay children. The pastoral grew out of a personal experience: Bishop Gumbleton has a brother Dan who is gay. Dan was married and has four children. At first Gumbleton found this very hard to accept. So did his mother. One day the mother took her bishop son off to the side and asked whether Dan was going to go to hell. That stunned Gumbleton, and it inspired the pastoral Always Our Children.
 
No room in the inn for a heretic
Prophet Gumbleton courageously says publicly what many others bishops believe privately. He courageously predicts (for the benefit of a `male driven club’) that “Priestesses will inevitably come!” In a pastoral letter he courageously gives comfort and guidance to parents of gay sons and daughters. No wonder then that he would eventually become `suspect of heresy.’ So when he was scheduled to give a lecture on April 8, 2006 in the atrium attached to St. John the Evangelist Cathedral in Milwaukee, church authorities stopped him! There was no room in the inn for a heretic!
 
The rector of the cathedral notified the public that the scheduled lecture could not be held on cathedral premises. Prophet Gumbleton like Eldad and Medad was being shut out as an `unofficial’ prophet. Beware of a religious institution restricting God's action to the institution's action! Beware of a religious institution making a distinction between what’s `official’ and what’s `not official,’ and then puts the `unofficial’ outside the cathedral premises.
 
When the `unofficial’ prophet Gumbleton (still in good health) petitioned the religious institution in Rome in 2007 for permission to stay on as bishop beyond his 75th year (the canonical age for retirement)  his petition was turned down with e-mail speed!
 
Stopping a woman not on the official list
Many years ago we buried Mamie Schlaefer in St. Matthew’s Church in Campbellsport, Wisconsin.  She was the mother of a Capuchin priest, of a Capuchin bishop (of Bluefields, Nicaragua) and of an Agnesian nun. Present at the funeral Mass were about 60 Capuchin friars, 40 Agnesian nuns and a church full of relatives and friends. At the Liturgy of the Word the superior of the Agnesian Order, the superior of the Capuchin Order, the Bishop of Bluefields, and the pastor of the parish gave speeches in praise of Mamie Schlaefer. Some of the speeches were rather lengthy and rambling.
 
At the very end of a way-too-lengthy Mass celebrated by the bishop, a woman from the pews cried out, "Bishop, Bishop, I want to say something." There was no answer or recognition. Again she cried out, "Bishop, Bishop, I want to say something. I know I'm not on the official list of speakers, but I do want to say something.  I'll just come right up there and say it." Down the aisle she goes, and up the sanctuary she comes. In that little conservative country parish where everything was well-programmed, you could feel a tension in the air that cried out, "Is there no one to stop this Eldad and Medad who’s not on the official list of speakers? Will someone please stop her, for she might go on and on, and we’ve already have had enough?"
No one stopped her. Up she goes to the mike and delivers her piece in praise of Mamie Schlaefer. She related how she had come to Campbellsport many years before, how she had a nervous breakdown, and how Mamie had frequently expressed concern and care for her, and how all that had helped to heal her. Well, she didn't go on and on, as we all thought she would. She neatly exercised her baptismal prophetic office and then stepped down.
At that funeral liturgy the head of the Agnesian Order, the head of the Capuchin Order, the Bishop of Bluefields and the pastor of the parish gave rather lengthy speeches in praise of Mamie Schlaefer, and after they finished there was silence. Then up came this Eldad and Medad woman who wasn’t on the `official’ list of speakers, spoke her piece, and the whole congregation burst into a resounding applause!
 
Conclusion
Stop stopping
He who ordered the disciples to stop stopping the little children and to let them come to Him also orders us to stop stopping married men, and let them come to Him. And He even orders us to stop stopping women, and let them come to Him. He also orders us to stop stopping people like Bishop Gumbleton, and to be magnanimous enough to allow him to continue on, even beyond `the canonical age of retirement.’ And He orders us to stop stopping people like the little lady who wasn’t on the `official’ list of speakers’ but who made a whole congregation burst into a resounding applause.

Saturday, September 22, 2012

"Sometimes Heroes Are Heroes"


Cardinal Quarterback Kurt Warner

“Sometimes Heroes Are Heroes.” 

September 23, 2012, 25th Sunday in Ordinary Time


Alleluia, alleluia.
A reading from the holy Gospel according to Mark
Glory to you, Lord
Jesus and his disciples left that place and went on through Galilee. Jesus did not want anyone to know where He was, because He was teaching his disciples, “The Son of Man is to be handed over to men who will kill him. Three days later, however, He will rise to life.” - They did not understand what He was saying, but they were afraid to ask Him.
They came to Capernaum. When Jesus was in the house, He asked his disciples, “What were you fellows arguing about on the way?” But they remained silent. On the way they had been discussing among themselves who was the greatest.  Jesus sat down, called the twelve disciples, and said to them: ”Who wishes to be first must place himself last of all, and be the servant of the rest.” Then He placed his arms around a little child and said to the twelve: “Whoever welcomes a child in my name welcomes me.  And whoever welcomes me welcomes not only me but the One who sent me.”

The Gospel of the Lord.
Praise to you, Lord Jesus Christ.
----------------
Introduction

Summer changed to autumn
In northern climes gold and red leaves cover the ground now, and they rustle as we shuffle our feet through them on a fine autumn day. It’s a pleasant sight and good feeling, though there’s a bit of melancholy in the air. There are even pumpkins now in supermarkets to be carved into ghoulish faces for Halloween, or, better yet, to be baked into pies for Thanksgiving Day. Yesterday, Sat. Sept. 22, summer changed to autumn.

Disciples acting like kids
What doesn’t change is human nature. Journeying through Galilee, the disciples were quarreling among themselves. When they got to Capernaum, Jesus asked what they were quarreling about.  Scripture says “They would not answer Him.”(Mk. 9:34) They were ashamed to tell Him. These full-grown men were arguing about who among them was the greatest! The mentality of competition and prestige, which characterized the society of the Roman Empire, was already creeping into the little society of Jesus. He who was the Suffering Servant of Isaiah[1] had as his followers a group of men who were arguing about who among them was the greatest! Jesus scolds his disciples for acting like kids, and He tries to put them straight about true greatness: ”Who wishes to be first must place himself last of all, and be the servant of the rest.” (Mk 9:35)

In the very next chapter of Mark’s gospel, the apostles are still acting like kids. The two sons of Zebedee, James and John, request Jesus to grant them the honor to sit one at his right hand and the other at his left when He comes into his Kingdom. (Mk 10:37) When the other apostles hear about James and John’s self-seeking request, they’re annoyed. So is Jesus. He straightens them all out about greatness saying, “I tell you, kings and so-called great people of this world like to lord it over the others. But it must not be that way with you. Among you whoever aspires to greatness must be the servant of the rest.” (Mk 10:42-43)
Serving others – an endangered species
In our ow in a culture HHoHoHculture it’s not the Gospel but the mighty mass media which defines greatness for us and our kids. The media offers us the greatness of the rich and famous, the greatness of rock and rap stars, and of basketball and football stars. In such a culture it is difficult to make any sense out of the Gospel injunction that “Who wishes to be first must place himself last of all, and be the servant of the rest.” (Mk 9:35)

A few of us older folk remember the days when gas stations were called Service Stations. You drove up to the pump, an attendant came running out, filled up the tank, washed the window shield and the back window as well, and then asked whether you wanted the oil checked too. Service Stations really served in those days. But that’s all gone now. Now there are “Self-Serve” signs at filling stations, and that pretty well summarizes the spirit of the times: “Serve yourself because, by gosh, we’re not going to.” In our culture we either do not have the time to serve others, or it is too costly to serve others, or we are so taken up with ourselves that it doesn’t dawn on us to serve others. In our culture the gospel injunction that  ”Who wishes to be first must place himself last of all, and be the servant of the rest” makes very little sense. In our culture serving others has become an endangered species.

A wrong message from John & James’ mother
In Mark’s gospel it is James and John who are requesting special seating for themselves in Jesus’ Kingdom. In Matthew’s gospel it’s the mother of James and John who is making the request in their behalf. She pleads, “Dear Lord, please grant that my two sons might sit on thrones at your right and left hand when you come into your Kingdom.” (Mt 20:21) If it is, indeed, the mother who’s making the request, then she’s sending the wrong message of greatness to her sons. She doesn’t know where their true greatness really lies, and in all probability she doesn’t know where her own true greatness really lies.

A wrong message from another mother
We recall another wrong message of greatness, which was given by a Texas mother to her daughter. The message was not only wrong, it was also insane! In 1991, Wanda Holloway‘s daughter was not given a spot on the junior high school's cheerleading squad; the spot instead was given to another girl. To solve the problem, the mother tried to hire a hit man to kill the mother of the other girl! She thought that that would so devastate the competing girl that she would drop out of the squad, and her daughter would then be given the spot. The mother’s nefarious intention was reported to the police, and she was arrested the next day. A trial found her guilty and sentenced her to ten years in prison. She served only six months of her sentence. The judge ordered her to serve 9.5 years on probation, and ordered her to complete 1000 hours of community service. Wanda Holloway puts us in mind of the overly zealous mother of the two sons of Zebedee who asked the Lord to grant that her sons might sit on thrones at his right and left hand, when He comes into his kingdom.

A wrong message from a father
We recall also the same wrong (and insane) message of greatness which a father from Reading, Massachusetts gave his son. On July 5, 2000, Thomas Junta, a hefty truck driver, beat to death the father of a son whose team won the hockey game, while his own son’s team lost. The case was brought to court, Junta was found guilty, served eight years in prison, and was released in August of 2010.That case epitomized the worst in parental fervor over their kids’ sports. Thomas Junta also puts us in mind of the overly zealous mother of the two sons of Zebedee who asked the Lord to grant that her two sons might sit on thrones at his right and left hand, when He comes into his kingdom.

A powerful message from a quarterback
A powerful message of true greatness radiates from Kurt Warner - Arizona Cardinal quarterback and winner of NFL’s MVP award. Kurt’s story is one of the best in NFL history. Years ago he was a stock boy in a supermarket and one day was called to do a carryout job for a very nice looking girl at Register 4. Later that day he waited at the punch-out clock. She came, smiled softly at him, punched her card and then left. He saw that the card read `Brenda.’ Next day he offered to drive her home. He looked harmless enough, and she accepted. When he dropped her off, he asked whether he could see her again, and take her out.  She explained she had two children and she couldn't afford a baby-sitter. He offered to pay for the baby-sitter.  She hesitated a bit, and then accepted. 

When Saturday night came and he arrived at the door, she said to him, “I can’t go; the babysitter cancelled out on me.” He said, “Oh well, let’s take the kids along.” “That’s really not an option,” she answered. But he wouldn’t take no for an answer. Finally Brenda invited him in to meet her children. She presented her very pretty daughter. Then she presented her son: she brought him in on a wheelchair! He was born a paraplegic with Down syndrome. To her utter amazement, Kurt said, "I still don't understand why the kids can't come along." Most men would take off high speed from such a situation as that. Brenda’s former husband had done precisely that!

That evening Kurt and Brenda loaded up the kids for dinner and the movies. When the son needed to go to the rest room, Kurt picked up the little guy and carried him to the rest room. The kids loved him. A year later, they were married. Kurt adopted both of her children. Since then they have added five more kids of their own. Quarterback Kurt, who announced his retirement from the NFL in 2010, said he was looking forward to finally being a true father to his seven kids, and that he wanted to spend more time with his wife.

Conclusion
“Sometimes heroes are heroes.”
This remarkable story of Arizona Cardinal quarterback Kurt Warner was e-mailed to me as a kind of gentle rebuttal to a previous Sunday homily. I had made some unfavorable remarks about football stars like Michael Vick. Vick was the guy who didn’t make enough money as an NFL player, so he had to go into the dog-fighting! The e-mail sent was entitled: “Sometimes heroes are heroes.” Kurt Warner was indeed a hero not because he was winner of NFL’s MVP award, but because he loaded up Brenda and her two kids for dinner and the movies, then carried her paraplegic son to the rest room, and finally married Brenda whose first husband had divorced her because it was all too much for him. Yes, indeed! “Sometimes heroes are heroes.”


[1] Isaiah chapters 52 and 53

Wednesday, September 12, 2012

A Cardinal Unencumbered by the 'Right' Answers

 
   
Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini S.J.

   (b. Feb. 15, 1927 – d. Aug. 31,  2012)

A Cardinal Unencumbered
 by the `Right’ Answers

September 16, 2012, 24th Sunday in Ordinary Time
Isaiah 50:5-9      James 2:14-18         Mark 8:27-35
                                                             
First reading from James
What good is it, my brothers and sisters, if someone says he has faith but does not have works? Can that faith save him?  If a brother or sister has nothing to wear and has no food for the day, and one of you says to them, “Go in peace, keep warm, and eat well,”but you do not give them the necessities of the body, what good is it? So also faith of itself, if it does not have works, is dead. But someone might say, “You have faith and I have works.” Demonstrate your faith to me without works, and I will demonstrate my faith to you from my works.

The word of the Lord
Thanks be to God

Alleluia, alleluia.
A reading from the holy Gospel according to Mark
Glory to you, Lord
Peter’s great answer
Jesus and his disciples set out for the villages of Caesarea Philippi.  Along the way He asked his disciples, “Who do people say that I am?”  They answered, “Some say that you are John the Baptist, others say that you are Elijah, while others say that you are one of the prophets.” He asked them, “But you - who do you say that I am?” Peter answered, “You are the Messiah.” Jesus ordered them not to tell anyone about Him.

Jesus’ great scolding
Then He began to teach his disciples: “The Son of Man must suffer greatly and be rejected by the elders, the chief priests, and the scribes, and be killed, and rise after three days.He made this very clear to them. So Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him. But Jesus turned around, looked at his disciples, and rebuked Peter. “Get behind me, Satan,” He said. “Your thoughts are men’s thoughts, not God’s!” 

Then Jesus called the crowd and his disciples, and said to them, “Whoever wishes to come with me must deny himself, take up his cross, and follow me.  For whoever wishes to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for my sake and that of the gospel will save it.”


The Gospel of the Lord.
Praise to you, Lord Jesus Christ.
----------------

Introduction


The Fall Equinox

Autumn begins on Saturday September 22. That day is called the `Fall Equinox,’ because night and day have approximately equal length. From now on, the light of day will begin to diminish and the darkness of night will begin to increase. From now on, we will begin to enter that gloomy time of the year, which will be momentarily brightened by the celebration of Thanksgiving and Christmas.

Peter’s `right’ answer

On the way to the villages of Caesarea Philippi Jesus asked the apostles “Who do the people say that I am,” He wasn’t looking for a `right’ answer. He was, however, simply looking for real answers from real people. And he received three real answers: “Some say that you are John the Baptist, others say that you are Elijah, while others say that you are one of the prophets.” Then Jesus asked the disciples, “But you – who do you says that I am?”  Peter answered, “You are the Messiah.” That, indeed, was the `right’ answer.

But immediately after Peter’s `right’ answer, Jesus tells his disciples, “The Son of Man must suffer greatly, and be rejected by the elders, the chief priests, and the teachers of the Law. He will be put to death, and after three days he will rise to life.” (Mk 8:31) At that, Peter takes Jesus off to the side and rebukes Him for suggesting that He was going to have to suffer and die. (Mk 8:33) Peter, the first Pope, had the `right’ answer about Jesus (“You are the Messiah”) but he didn’t know what it meant! 
Nicaea’s `more right’ answer
Three hundred years later in the Council of Nicaea (325), the Church came up with an even `more right’ answer to the question “Who is Jesus of Nazareth?” He is “Deum verum de Deo vero” (true God from true God). He is “Lumen de Lumine” (Light from Light).  He is “genitum non factum” (begotten not made). He is “consubstantialem Patri” (consubstantial with the Father). You can’t get any more `right’ than that. But whether we sing it in Latin or recite it in English, at the end of the day, we really don’t know what that `right’ answer means. At most we simply suspect it claims an extraordinary uniqueness for the Son born of Mary.

Mischief lurks in the one `right’ answer.
Mischief always lurks in the claim to have the one `right’ answer. In the bloody crusades of the 11th and 12th centuries, Christians persecuted the Islamic community for not having the `right’ answer (“True God from true God”) about Jesus of Nazareth. Down through the centuries Christian Rome persecuted the Jewish community in that city for not having the `right’ answer (“True God from true God”) about Jesus of Nazareth. In 1986 Pope John Paul II had to enter Rome’s chief synagogue to confess the sins of his Church and to ask forgiveness from the Jewish community for centuries of Christian persecution of Jews.[1] Some staunch fundamentalist Christians, however, condemned the Pope for having entered into the `den of Satan.’

 It is interesting to note that Judaism has never claimed to have the one only `right’ answer. The Talmud says that all righteous people who observe the basic laws of morality are saved. That relativist approach to religion says, “I have my faith, you have your faith, and others have their faith.” On the other hand, Christianity and Islam each stoutly claims that it has the one only `right’ answer. Bernard Lewis says that that triumphalist approach has Christianity and Islam shouting at each other, “I’m right, you’re wrong, go to hell.[2]” That triumphalist approach, however, is increasingly under attack in Christendom, and is rejected now by many Christian clergymen. But there is very little sign that anything like that is happening in Islam.

Heretics – people who don’t give the `right’ answer
In the 15th century St. Joan of Arc did not give the `right’ answers to the questions which the Inquisitional authorities were asking her. Upon questioning Joan, they found what they were looking for: heresy! On May 30, 1431 they burned the 19 year young maiden at the stake in Rouen for not having the `right’ answers to their tricky questions. Almost five centuries later the Church, realizing it had made a big mistake, beatified Joan in 1909 and canonized her in 1920.

In the 16th century Galileo Galilei, an Italian scientist, proposed the idea that Earth orbits the sun, and that contradicted the Church’s `right’ answer that the sun orbits the Earth. Galileo was tried by the Roman Inquisition, was found `suspect of heresy’ (found suspect of not having the `right’ answer), and he spent the rest of his life under house arrest. Both Joan and Galileo were heretics – people who didn’t give the `right ‘answer.

Beware of `right’ answers! They burned Joan of Arc at the stake and put Galileo under house arrest for the rest of his life. Beware of `right’ answers! They put Cardinal Martini’s Church "200 years behind the times." Beware of `right’ answers! They keep us conveniently locked up in `prisons of certainty.’ Beware of `right’ answers! They conveniently free us from the need of metanoia – from the need to change our minds.
A Cardinal unencumbered by the `right’ answers
Jesuit Cardinal Carlo Maria Martini S. J., former archbishop of Milan, bewared the `right’ answers of his Church. On Friday, August 31- 2012 he died in a Jesuit retreat near Milan of Parkinson’s disease at the age of 85. He was one of the Church’s most influential progressive thinkers. Despite his liberal views in a college of cardinals that grew increasingly conservative under Pope John Paul II, Cardinal Martini was considered a possible contender in the 2005 conclave that elected German Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger as Pope Benedict XVI.

Martini was an ecumenical figure. The president of the Jewish community in Milan, Walker Meghnagi, said: “For us, he was a friend and a point of reference we could count on. He was a protagonist of interreligious dialogue in our city and a man of peace in the Middle East.” Meghnagi called on the city to name a park located across from the main Milan synagogue in Martini’s honor. Besides being an ecumenical figure, the Cardinal was a respected expert on Scripture and the early Church.
But above all, Martini was a man unencumbered by the `right’ answers. That is to say, he didn’t have a heap of `right’ answers which he felt he had to staunchly defend. In fact, he frequently voiced an openness to divisive issues within the Church. He diplomatically espoused liberal views on a range of controversial subjects, such as priestly celibacy, Communion for remarried Catholics, homosexuality, the right to die, condom use to prevent the spread of AIDS, and even the ordination of women as deacons. Such openness often put him at odds with his Church. In his final interview before his death on August 31-2012, Martini said “our churches are big and empty, our rites and our customs are pompous” and our Church is "200 years behind the times."
 
Conclusion
Unencumbered by the `right’ answers
Cardinal Martini forged an exceptional bond with the city of Milan and its people. More than 150,000 people filed past his coffin. Despite the rain, thousands watched the funeral on giant screens set up outside the cathedral. Among those who packed into the cathedral to pay their last respects were a radical and gay former communist governor and also the leader of Italy's conservative Christian Democrats. In the Milan Duomo were also representatives from the Islamic and Judaic communities, as well as representatives from Orthodox, Protestant and Coptic Christianity. It was precisely because Cardinal Carlos Maria Martini was unencumbered by the `right’ answers that his funeral could summon such a motley and marvelous crowd.

[1] It was the very first time in 2000 years that a pope entered a synagogue.
[2] Bernard  Lewis in his book What Went Wrong